Ukumelana nokunxiba kuthetha ukuxhathisa ukukhuhlana.

Ukunganxibi
Ukumelana nokunxiba kuthetha ukuxhathisa ukukhuhlana.

inkcazelo:
Luhlobo olutsha lwemathiriyeli enombane okhethekileyo, imagnethi, i-optical, i-acoustic, i-thermal, i-mechanical, ikhemikhali kunye nemisebenzi yebhayoloji.
Intshayelelo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zokunxiba kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa.Iqela elikhulu loshishino lobugcisa obuphezulu liyasekwa, elinethemba lemarike elibanzi kakhulu kwaye libaluleke kakhulu ngokubaluleka kobuchule.Izinto zokunxiba ezixhathisayo zinokwahlulwa zibe yimathiriyeli ye-microelectronic, imathiriyeli ye-optoelectronic, imathiriyeli yenzwa, imathiriyeli yolwazi, imathiriyeli yebhayoloji, imathiriyeli yokusingqongileyo kwendalo, izixhobo zamandla, kunye nezinto ezikrelekrele (ezihlakaniphileyo) ngokwentsebenzo yazo.Kuba sithathe izixhobo zolwazi lwe-elektroniki njengodidi olwahlukileyo lwemathiriyeli entsha, izinto ezintsha ezinganxibiyo ekubhekiselwe kuzo apha zezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokunganxibi ngaphandle kwezixhobo zolwazi lwe-elektroniki.

isiphumo
Izinto eziphathekayo ezinxitywayo zingundoqo kwintsimi yezinto ezintsha kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni nasekuxhaseni ukuphuhliswa kwe-high-tech.Kwinkalo yophando lwehlabathi jikelele ngezinto ezintsha, izixhobo ezingagugiyo zithatha malunga ne-85%.Ngokufika koluntu lolwazi, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokunxiba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni nasekuxhaseni uphuhliso lwe-high-tech.Zizinto eziphambili kwiinkalo zobugcisa obuphezulu ezifana nolwazi, ibhayoloji, amandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nendawo kwinkulungwane yama-21.Aye angamazwe ehlabathini lonke.Ingqwalasela yophando kunye nophuhliso kwinkalo yezixhobo ezintsha ikwayindawo yokhuphiswano lweqhinga kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele.

Uphando
Ngokujonga isikhundla esibalulekileyo sezinto zokunxiba ezinganxibiyo, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela anika ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphando lwetekhnoloji yezixhobo zokunxiba.Ngowe-1989, izazinzulu ezingaphezu kwama-200 zaseMerika zabhala ingxelo ethi “iSayensi yeMaterial and Materials Engineering kwiminyaka yee-1990” ingxelo, ebonisa ukuba ezi-5 kwezi-6 iintlobo zezinto ezixhaswa ngurhulumente zizinto ezingagugiyo.Izinto ezikhethekileyo zokunxiba kunye nobuchwepheshe bemveliso bubalelwa kwinani elikhulu le "American National Key Technology" ingxelo, eyahlaziywa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukusuka kwi-1995 ukuya ku-2001. Kwi-2001, iNgxelo yoPhando lweTekhnoloji yesixhenxe ekhutshwe nguMphathiswa weMfundo, IZiko loPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo weNkcubeko, iMidlalo, iNzululwazi kunye nobuChwepheshe lidwelise izihloko ezili-100 ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ikamva.Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sezihloko kwakuyizinto ezintsha okanye izihloko ezixhomekeke ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto ezintsha, kwaye uninzi lwazo Ezinye zizixhobo ezinxitywayo.Inkqubo yeNkqubo yeSithandathu ye-European Union kunye neNkqubo yeSizwe yaseMzantsi Korea iquke itekhnoloji yezinto eziphathekayo ezinxitywayo njengenye yeetekhnoloji eziphambili kwizicwangciso zabo zamva nje zophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ukunika inkxaso ephambili.Amazwe onke agxininisa indima ebalaseleyo yezinto eziphathekayo ezinganxibiyo ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho lwelizwe lawo, ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwesizwe, ukuphucula impilo yabantu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu.

Ukuhlelwa
Ukuhlelwa kweemveliso ezixhathisa ukunxiba
Ngokombono woluhlu lwesicelo, iimveliso ezixhathisa ukunxiba zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: ukumelana nokunxiba komphezulu kunye ne-mechanical wear-resistant.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhola zokusila kwimigodi yesinyithi, izixhobo zokwakha zesamente, ukuveliswa kwamandla ashushu, igesi ye-flue desulfurization, izixhobo zemagneti, iikhemikhali, udaka lwamanzi amalahle, iipellets, i-slag, i-ultra-fine powder, i-fly ash, i-calcium carbonate, isanti yequartz kunye namanye amashishini. .